[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/tajemstvi-krevnich-skupin\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/tajemstvi-krevnich-skupin\/","headline":"Tajemstv\u00ed krevn\u00edch skupin","name":"Tajemstv\u00ed krevn\u00edch skupin","description":"Krevn\u00ed skupiny jsou v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b zn\u00e1my snad ka\u017ed\u00e9mu laikovi. U\u017e i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti v\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed krev jako krev a \u017ee na krevn\u00ed skupiny je t\u0159eba d\u00e1vat si velk\u00fd pozor. Roli tyto krevn\u00ed skupiny hraj\u00ed p\u0159i krevn\u00edch transfuz\u00edch. Jasn\u00e9 ale bylo to, \u017ee transfundovat krev nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jen tak, a\u017e po mnoha pokusech, kter\u00e9 nedopadly...","datePublished":"2022-03-30","dateModified":"2022-03-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91506ed60e31abe586276a3e1420719df081581a820344a28fa2034bb1a2fe22?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91506ed60e31abe586276a3e1420719df081581a820344a28fa2034bb1a2fe22?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hass.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/blood-gac9a1eae7_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/blood-gac9a1eae7_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/tajemstvi-krevnich-skupin\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":374,"articleBody":"Krevn\u00ed skupiny jsou v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b zn\u00e1my snad ka\u017ed\u00e9mu laikovi. U\u017e i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti v\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed krev jako krev a \u017ee na krevn\u00ed skupiny je t\u0159eba d\u00e1vat si velk\u00fd pozor. Roli tyto krevn\u00ed skupiny hraj\u00ed p\u0159i krevn\u00edch transfuz\u00edch. Jasn\u00e9 ale bylo to, \u017ee transfundovat krev nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jen tak, a\u017e po mnoha pokusech, kter\u00e9 nedopadly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slavn\u011b. Po obdr\u017een\u00ed krve, kter\u00e1 neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 krevn\u00ed skupin\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce se dostav\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 reakce, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit a\u017e ve smrt. Je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0membr\u00e1n\u011b erytrocyt\u016f jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako antigeny, tedy molekuly, kter\u00e9 rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a na kter\u00e9 reaguje. Tyto antigeny se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed aglutinogeny a my m\u016f\u017eeme popisovat A, B, AB \u010di 0, pokud se zde neobjevuje ani znak A ani B. Jako odpov\u011b\u010f imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se v\u00a0krevn\u00ed plazm\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed tzv. aglutininy, protil\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed schopnost se v\u00e1zat na zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 aglutinogeny a shlukovat tak erytrocyty. V\u017edycky se ale v\u00a0plazm\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed aglutininy, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e9 skupin\u011b, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jedinec, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na sv\u00fdch erytrocytech molekulu A, bude m\u00edt v\u00a0plazm\u011b protil\u00e1tky anti-B. Opa\u010dn\u011b to pak bude u jedince se skupinou B. Lid\u00e9 s\u00a0krevn\u00ed skupinou AB tyto protil\u00e1tky nemaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee a\u0165 by protil\u00e1tky m\u00ed\u0159ily proti molekule A nebo B na erytrocytech, v\u017edycky by je shlukovaly, \u010demu\u017e se mus\u00edme vyhnout. \u00dapln\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad plat\u00ed u lid\u00ed s\u00a0krevn\u00ed skupinou 0, u kter\u00fdch se molekuly na povrchu erytrocyt\u016f molekuly nemaj\u00ed, a tedy se u nich objevuj\u00ed protil\u00e1tky anti-A i anti-B. Kdo ale tento princip objevil? Ten, kdo zajistil vhled do t\u00e9to problematiky byl v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd v\u011bdec Landsteiner. Jeho pokra\u010dovatelem byl \u010desk\u00fd psychiatr Jan Jansk\u00fd. St\u00e1le tento probl\u00e9m ale nebyl uspokojiv\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161en, postupn\u011b se tak vyst\u0159\u00eddali r\u016fzn\u00ed v\u011bdci a ka\u017ed\u00fd objasnil \u010d\u00e1st. Nejde tak vyp\u00edchnout jedno jm\u00e9no, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee z\u00e1sluhou v\u0161ech se dnes v\u00a0tomto probl\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eeme velmi dob\u0159e orientovat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Tajemstv\u00ed krevn\u00edch skupin","item":"https:\/\/www.hass.cz\/tajemstvi-krevnich-skupin\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]